And 'the third largest country in population, after Nigeria and Ethiopia and the most populous country in the Arab world. While most of Egypt is geographically part of Africa, the Sinai Peninsula, which is Egyptian territory is a part of Asia. Egypt is bordered by Israel and the Gaza Strip to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, Libya to the west and the Mediterranean to the north.
Most of Egypt is dry, desert wind, but the River Nile, the longest river in the world, flows north through the country and is the main supplier of water and life for Egypt. Almost all people who live or Egypt along the Nile River or the Suez Canal, the Sinai peninsula from the rest of the country.
Egyptians created the first national government and the first forms of mathematics and history.
Coptic Christians make up the majority of the remaining 10 percent. While agriculture, industry and mining are all important Egyptian economy, most national income from tourism. Red Sea resorts of the country are attracting increasing numbers of visitors.
Egypt was ruled by a succession of kings called pharaohs throughout much of its ancient history to 332 BC, when Alexander the Great conquered the country. In 31 BC it was made part of the Roman Empire, AD 639 Muslim Arabs invaded the country. In 1517 it was invaded and conquered by the Ottoman Empire and remained under Ottoman control until the start of World War I in 1914, when the soldier was seized by the United Kingdom and made a British protectorate. During World War II the Germans and Italians invaded Egypt in an attempt to gain control of all of North Africa and the Suez Canal, but was rejected the British and Americans.
In May 1948, Egypt, along with Jordan, Syria, Iraq and Lebanon, attacked Israel in an attempt to destroy the state of the new constitution, but was crushed. In 1956, shortly after Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser tried to nationalize the Suez Canal, but was stopped by the UK, France and Israel. Two years later, Egypt and Syria formed the United Arab Republic with Nasser as president of the new state, but Syria has withdrawn three years later.
Meanwhile tensions remained extremely volatile with Israel in 1967, Israel launched a devastating military attack quote in what is now known as the Six Day War, capturing the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. In 1973, Egypt, now with Anwar Sadat as president, has tried and failed to recapture the peninsula. But in 1978, as part of the Camp David Accords, Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt in exchange for a peace treaty formally ending hostilities between the two countries. In 1979, Egypt became the first Arab country to establish diplomatic relations with Israel. Egyptians, however, were increasingly restless and vocal against the old order, and in 2011, in what is now known as the Arab Spring, has held numerous protests against the government free reprint articles, many of which turned violent, but eventually making Mubarak to step down after 30 years in power.
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